Treatment aims to prevent future episodes. It is not always possible to prevent an arrhythmia developing, although a healthy lifestyle can lower your risk of developing a heart condition. Some of these deaths could be avoided if the arrhythmias were diagnosed earlier.Ĭommon triggers for an arrhythmia are viral illnesses, alcohol, tobacco, changes in posture, exercise, drinks containing caffeine, certain over-the-counter and prescribed medicines, and illegal recreational drugs. This kills 100,000 people in the UK every year. Having atrial fibrillation means your risk of stroke is 5 times higher than for someone whose heart rhythm is normal.Ĭertain types of arrhythmia occur in people with severe heart conditions, and can cause sudden cardiac death. You may also be at risk of developing an arrhythmia if your heart tissue is damaged because of an illness – for example, if you have had a heart attack or have heart failure, or if you have had severe coronavirus (COVID-19).Ītrial fibrillation is a common cause of stroke. Drinking alcohol in excess or being overweight increases your likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation. ventricular fibrillation – a rare, rapid and disorganised rhythm of heartbeats that rapidly leads to loss of consciousness and sudden death if not treated immediatelyĪrrhythmias can affect all age groups, but atrial fibrillation is more common in older people.heart block – the heart beats more slowly than normal and can cause people to collapse.bradycardia – the heart beats more slowly than normal.supraventricular tachycardia – episodes of abnormally fast heart rate at rest.atrial fibrillation (AF) – this is the most common type, where the heart beats irregularly and faster than normal.Most people with an abnormal heart rhythm can lead a normal life if it is properly diagnosed. Anticoagulant therapy (for other reasons than pacemaker lead) seemed to have protective antithrombotic effect.Arrhythmias or heart rhythm problems are experienced by more than 2 million people in the UK. A few factors were proposed as predictors of severe venous stenosis/occlusion: presence of multiple pacemaker leads (compared to a single lead), use of hormone therapy, personal history of venous thrombosis, the presence of temporary wire before implantation, previous presence of a pacemaker (ICD as an upgrade) and the use of dual-coil leads. Neither the hardware (lead size, number and material) nor the access site choice (cephalic cut down, subclavian or axillary puncture) appears to affect rate of venous complications. Despite 40 years of experience with transcutaneous implanted intravenous pacing systems and dozens of studies, we were unable to identify clear risk factors (confirmed by independent studies) that lead to venous stenosis. Although data for ICD leads is based only on three studies-it suggests that the rate of venous complications is very similar to that of pacing systems, and probably data from pacing leads can be extrapolated to ICD leads. Another found that the presence of a temporary wire before implantation is associated with an increased risk of stenosis. One study has suggested that intravenous lead infection promotes local vein stenosis. We reviewed current knowledge of these complications, management, and their impact on upgrade/revision procedures. Numerous reports of venous complications such as stenosis, occlusions, and superior vena cava syndrome have been published. The challenge starts when patients come for system revision or upgrade. Venous complications of pacemaker/ implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) system implantation rarely cause immediate clinical problems.
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